Roman Numeral Converter
Type a number to get its Roman numeral, or a numeral to get the number, with each symbol’s value shown.
Digits turn into a numeral (1 to 3,999); letters I V X L C D M turn into a number.
In Roman numerals
MMXXVI
2,026 in Roman numerals is MMXXVI.
How this works: Method, 1 source, Checked against 1 worked example,
How this works
Method
Seven letters carry the values: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1,000. Symbols are written from largest to smallest and added. To avoid four of a kind, six subtractive pairs put a smaller symbol before a larger one: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400 and CM = 900. Full method
How it’s tested
One worked example for this page is checked by automated tests before every release: given the inputs, the tool must show the expected answer.
Privacy
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Changes
- Rebuilt with 18 conversion pages, including text to binary and hex, two’s complement, IEEE 754 floating point, a bitwise calculator and Roman numerals, each with its method and a table.
- Added key facts with worked examples of converting between bases.
- Redesigned: the working shown step by step, and the same number in the other common bases under the answer.
- Fixed large numbers: values above 2^53, such as 64-bit hex, now convert exactly instead of rounding.
- First published.
How Roman numerals work
Seven letters carry the values: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1,000. Symbols are written from largest to smallest and added. To avoid four of a kind, six subtractive pairs put a smaller symbol before a larger one: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400 and CM = 900.
To write a number, take the largest value that fits again and again. For 1994: M (1,000) leaves 994, CM (900) leaves 94, XC (90) leaves 4, IV (4) leaves 0, so 1994 is MCMXCIV.
To read one, go left to right and add each symbol, but subtract a symbol that stands before a larger one. Only I, X and C are ever subtracted, and only from the next two larger symbols, so IC for 99 is not standard; it is XCIX.
I 1 · V 5 · X 10 · L 50 · C 100 · D 500 · M 1000
- The standard form stops at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX); larger numbers used a bar over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000, which has no standard plain-text form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Roman numeral.
Roman numerals from 1 to 100, and landmark years
Counting to 20, the tens to 100, then the larger symbols and years.
| Number | Roman numeral |
|---|---|
| 1 | I |
| 2 | II |
| 3 | III |
| 4 | IV |
| 5 | V |
| 6 | VI |
| 7 | VII |
| 8 | VIII |
| 9 | IX |
| 10 | X |
Show all 36 rowsShow fewer
| 11 | XI |
| 12 | XII |
| 13 | XIII |
| 14 | XIV |
| 15 | XV |
| 16 | XVI |
| 17 | XVII |
| 18 | XVIII |
| 19 | XIX |
| 20 | XX |
| 30 | XXX |
| 40 | XL |
| 50 | L |
| 60 | LX |
| 70 | LXX |
| 80 | LXXX |
| 90 | XC |
| 100 | C |
| 400 | CD |
| 500 | D |
| 900 | CM |
| 1,000 | M |
| 1,999 | MCMXCIX |
| 2,000 | MM |
| 2,026 | MMXXVI |
| 3,999 | MMMCMXCIX |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
The standard form uses subtraction so no symbol repeats more than three times. IIII does appear on some clock faces by tradition, but IV is the form taught and used in writing.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The system has no zero; medieval writers used the word nulla when they needed one.
How do I write this year in Roman numerals?
2026 is MMXXVI: MM (2,000) + XX (20) + VI (6). Type any year from 1 to 3,999 above to convert it.